Debian Linux 11 “Bullseye” dirilis. Versi baru menawarkan paket yang diperbarui dan dukungan lima tahun. Halaman ini menunjukkan cara memperbarui Debian 9 Stretch ke Debian 11 Bullseye menggunakan opsi baris perintah, termasuk memutakhirkan semua paket yang diinstal.
Tutorial details | |
---|---|
Level Kesulitan | Mudah |
Root privileges | Yes |
Requirements | Linux terminal |
Category | Package Manager |
Prerequisites | Debian Linux 9 |
OS compatibility | Debian • Linux |
Estimasi Waktu | 6 minutes |
Panduan ini menjelaskan langkah-langkah untuk mengupgrade debian 9 ke debian 11. Debian 11 kode bernama Bullseye, akan segera dirilis secara resmi. Pada 15 Juli 2021, tetapi Anda dapat menginstal atau meningkatkan dari Debian 9 ke Debian 11.
Debian merupakan system operation server yang handal, Itulah sebabnya Debian benar-benar sistem operasi universal dan stabilitas yang kokoh.
Upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 11 Bullseye
Prosedurnya adalah sebagai berikut:
Cadangkan sistem Anda. Biasanya saya membuat snapshot.
Perbarui paket yang ada dan reboot sistem Debian 9.x.
Edit file /etc/apt/sources.list menggunakan editor teks dan ganti setiap contoh stretch dengan bullseye.
Perbarui indeks paket di Debian Linux, jalankan:
sudo apt update
Siapkan untuk peningkatan sistem operasi, jalankan:
sudo apt upgrade
Terakhir, perbarui Debian 9 ke Debian 11 bullseye dengan menjalankan:
sudo apt full-upgrade
Reboot sistem Linux sehingga Anda dapat boot ke Debian 11 Bullseye
Verifikasi bahwa semuanya bekerja dengan benar.
Mari kita periksa semua perintah langkah demi langkah untuk meningkatkan keamanan Debian 9 Stretch ke Debian 11 Bullseye yang berjalan di lingkungan cloud.
Step 1. Backup System Anda
Sangat penting untuk mencadangkan semua data dan konfigurasi sistem. VM berbasis cloud dapat dengan cepat dicadangkan dan dipulihkan menggunakan snapshot. Saya menggunakan rsnapshot, yang merupakan solusi sempurna untuk membuat cadangan di server lokal.
Periksa versi os di Linux:
root@saksenengku:~# lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 9.13 (stretch) Release: 9.13 Codename: stretch
Check Debian Kernel:
root@saksenengku:~# uname -mrs Linux 4.9.0-19-amd64 x86_64
Step 2. Update Semua existing install packages
Sebelum Anda mengupgrade versi Debian Anda ke 11 Bullseye, Anda harus menerapkan semua patch keamanan dan upgrade yang tertunda ke Debian 9 itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, Ketik perintah apt atau perintah apt-get berikut:
sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade sudo apt full-upgrade sudo apt --purge autoremove sudo apt autoclean
atau
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get full-upgrade sudo apt-get --purge autoremove sudo apt-get autoclean
Reboot peregangan Debian 9.x untuk menerapkan kernel dan pembaruan lainnya:
sudo reboot
Step 3. Update file /etc/apt/sources.list
Sebelum memulai pemutakhiran, Anda harus mengonfigurasi ulang file daftar sumber APT.
Untuk melihat pengaturan saat ini menggunakan perintah cat:
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
Contoh Output:
deb http://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org/debian stretch main deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main deb http://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main
Kita harus mengubah semua referensi dalam file ini dari Stretch ke Bullseye menggunakan editor teks seperti vim:
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
Saya lebih suka menggunakan tools sed, tetapi pertama-tama buat cadangan semua file konfigurasi menggunakan perintah cp:
sudo cp -v /etc/apt/sources.list /root/ sudo cp -rv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ /root/ sudo sed -i 's/stretch/bullseye/g' /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i 's/stretch/bullseye/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* ### lihat file yang diperbarui sekarang ### cat /etc/apt/sources.list
root@saksenengku:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list # See http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/release-notes/ch-upgrading.html # for how to upgrade to newer versions of the distribution. deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
Step 4. Minimal system upgrade
Proses dua bagian diperlukan untuk menghindari penghapusan sejumlah besar paket yang ingin Anda simpan. Karena itu, jalankan yang berikut ini terlebih dahulu:
sudo apt upgrade
root@saksenengku:~# apt upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: gnupg-l10n Use 'apt autoremove' to remove it. The following NEW packages will be installed: apparmor cpp-10 dwz gcc-10-base gnupg-l10n libarchive-cpio-perl libdata-dump-perl libdebhelper-perl libfribidi0 libgcc-s1 libgpg-error-l10n libisl23 libmpfr6 libncurses6 libncursesw6 libsub-override-perl libtinfo6 libunistring2 libxxhash0 linux-image-5.10.0-18-amd64 mailcap media-types pci.ids runit-helper The following packages have been kept back: apt apt-transport-https apt-utils aptitude aptitude-common aspell bash bind9 bind9utils binutils bsdmainutils bsdutils build-essential ca-certificates clamav clamav-base clamav-daemon clamav-freshclam clamdscan cloud-init coreutils curl dash dh-python dmsetup dpkg e2fsprogs firebird3.0-common firebird3.0-common-doc fontconfig fontconfig-config g++ galera-3 gawk gcc gdisk genisoimage gettext ghostscript gir1.2-glib-2.0 gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 gnupg gnupg-agent gpgv groff-base grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common iproute2 iptables iputils-ping isc-dhcp-client libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libapt-pkg-perl libaspell15 libauthen-pam-perl libblkid1 libbsd0 libc-bin libc-client2007e libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcairo2 libclamav9 libcups2 libcupsfilters1 libcupsimage2 libcurl3-gnutls libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libdevmapper1.02.1 libenchant1c2a libexpat1 libfbclient2 libfcgi-perl libfdisk1 libfile-fcntllock-perl libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 libfuse2 libgd3 libgirepository-1.0-1 libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libgnutls30 libgpgme11 libgs9 libgs9-common libgssapi-krb5-2 libgstreamer1.0-0 libharfbuzz0b libhtml-parser-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libio-pty-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libiptc0 libk5crypto3 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 liblcms2-2 libldap-2.4-2 liblocale-gettext-perl libmount1 libnet-ssleay-perl libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext libnginx-mod-http-echo libnginx-mod-http-geoip libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-subs-filter libnginx-mod-http-upstream-fair libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libopenjp2-7 libp11-kit0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-systemd libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpixman-1-0 libpng16-16 libpolkit-agent-1-0 libpolkit-gobject-1-0 libpopt0 libpq5 libpython2.7 libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libpython3-stdlib librrd8 librtmp1 libslang2 libsmartcols1 libsmbclient libsnmp-base libsqlite3-0 libss2 libssl-dev libssl1.1 libsybdb5 libsystemd0 libterm-readkey-perl libtevent0 libtext-charwidth-perl libtext-iconv-perl libtiff5 libtommath1 libudev1 libuuid1 libwbclient0 libwebp6 libwrap0 libwww-perl libx11-6 libxapian30 libxml2 libxslt1.1 libxtables12 libzmq5 locales login logrotate make man-db mariadb-server mawk memcached mount nano ncurses-base nginx-common nginx-full ntp openssh-client openssh-server openssh-sftp-server openssl packagekit packagekit-tools passwd perl perl-base php-http php7.3-bcmath php7.3-bz2 php7.3-common php7.3-dba php7.3-enchant php7.3-gd php7.3-gmp php7.3-interbase php7.3-intl php7.3-json php7.3-mbstring php7.3-mysql php7.3-odbc php7.3-pgsql php7.3-pspell php7.3-recode php7.3-snmp php7.3-soap php7.3-sqlite3 php7.3-sybase php7.3-tidy php7.3-xml php7.3-xmlrpc php7.4-bcmath php7.4-bz2 php7.4-cgi php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-curl php7.4-dba php7.4-dev php7.4-enchant php7.4-fpm php7.4-gd php7.4-gmp php7.4-http php7.4-imagick php7.4-imap php7.4-interbase php7.4-intl php7.4-json php7.4-ldap php7.4-mbstring php7.4-memcache php7.4-mongodb php7.4-mysql php7.4-odbc php7.4-opcache php7.4-pgsql php7.4-phpdbg php7.4-pspell php7.4-readline php7.4-smbclient php7.4-snmp php7.4-soap php7.4-solr php7.4-sqlite3 php7.4-sybase php7.4-tidy php7.4-uuid php7.4-xdebug php7.4-xml php7.4-xmlrpc php7.4-zip php8.0-cli php8.0-common php8.0-curl php8.0-intl php8.0-mbstring php8.0-memcache php8.0-mongodb php8.0-opcache php8.0-readline php8.0-xml php8.1-cli php8.1-common php8.1-curl php8.1-imagick php8.1-intl php8.1-mbstring php8.1-memcache php8.1-mongodb php8.1-opcache php8.1-phpdbg php8.1-readline php8.1-smbclient php8.1-solr php8.1-uuid php8.1-xdebug php8.1-xml policykit-1 procps python-pkg-resources python-setuptools python-six python2.7 python2.7-minimal python3 python3-apt python3-cffi-backend python3-chardet python3-cryptography python3-dbus python3-gi python3-markupsafe python3-minimal python3-pkg-resources python3-pycurl python3-requests python3-setuptools python3-six python3-urllib3 python3-yaml qemu-utils redis-server redis-tools rename rsyslog samba-libs screen snmp sudo systemd systemd-sysv tar udev unattended-upgrades unscd util-linux vim vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny wget The following packages will be upgraded: adduser apt-show-versions aspell-en autoconf automake autopoint autotools-dev base-files base-passwd bash-completion bzip2 cloud-guest-utils cloud-image-utils cloud-initramfs-growroot cloud-utils cpio cpp cron dbus debconf debconf-i18n debhelper debian-archive-keyring debianutils dh-autoreconf dh-strip-nondeterminism dictionaries-common diffutils distro-info-data dmidecode dpkg-dev emacsen-common enchant fakeroot file findutils firmware-linux-free fonts-dejavu-core fonts-noto-mono freetds-common geoip-database gettext-base grep gsfonts gzip hostname hunspell-en-us ifupdown imagemagick-6-common init init-system-helpers initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-core intltool-debian irqbalance isc-dhcp-common iso-codes joe kbd klibc-utils kmod less libacl1 libaio1 libalgorithm-diff-perl libapparmor1 libarchive-zip-perl libassuan0 libatomic1 libattr1 libaudit-common libaudit1 libauthen-sasl-perl libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libbz2-1.0 libc-l10n libcap-ng0 libcap2 libcap2-bin libcc1-0 libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libconfig-inifiles-perl libdatrie1 libdb5.3 libdbi1 libdbus-1-3 libdbus-glib-1-2 libdebconfclient0 libdpkg-perl libedit2 libelf1 libencode-locale-perl libestr0 libfakeroot libfastjson4 libfftw3-double3 libfile-listing-perl libfile-stripnondeterminism-perl libfont-afm-perl libgcrypt20 libgeoip1 libglib2.0-data libgmp10 libgomp1 libgpg-error0 libgpm2 libgraphite2-3 libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libidn11 libidn2-0 libijs-0.35 libio-html-perl libitm1 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg62-turbo libkeyutils1 libklibc libkmod2 libksba8 libldap-common liblmdb0 liblognorm5 liblqr-1-0 liblsan0 libltdl-dev libltdl7 liblua5.2-0 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl liblz4-1 liblzma5 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmail-sendmail-perl libmailtools-perl libmemcached-tools libmemcached11 libmemcachedutil2 libmnl0 libmpc3 libmspack0 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnet-http-perl libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnewt0.52 libnfnetlink0 libnghttp2-14 libnpth0 libnuma1 libodbc1 libopts25 libpam-cap libpam-runtime libpam0g libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpci3 libpcre2-16-0 libpcre2-32-0 libpcre2-8-0 libpcre2-dev libpcre2-posix3 libpcre3 libpipeline1 libprotobuf-c1 libpsl5 libqdbm14 libquadmath0 librecode0 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libseccomp2 libselinux1 libsemanage-common libsemanage1 libsepol1 libsigc++-2.0-0v5 libsigsegv2 libsnappy1v5 libssh2-1 libssl-doc libstdc++6 libsys-hostname-long-perl libtalloc2 libtasn1-6 libtdb1 libtext-wrapi18n-perl libthai-data libthai0 libtidy5deb1 libtimedate-perl libtinfo5 libtool libtsan0 liburi-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-data libxau6 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb1 libxext6 libxmlrpc-epi0 libyaml-0-2 libzstd1 linux-base linux-image-amd64 linux-libc-dev locales-all lsb-base lsb-release lsof m4 manpages manpages-dev mariadb-common mime-support mlock most mysql-common ncurses-bin net-tools netbase p7zip p7zip-full patch perl-openssl-defaults php-common php-geoip php-gnupg php-imagick php-intl php-lua php-mailparse php-memcache php-memcached php-mongodb php-msgpack php-oauth php-pear php-pinba php-propro php-radius php-raphf php-redis php-rrd php-smbclient php-solr php-ssh2 php-stomp php-tideways php-uploadprogress php-uuid php-xdebug php-yac php-yaml php-zmq php5.6-common php5.6-mbstring php5.6-xml php7.0-common php7.0-json php7.0-mbstring php7.0-xml php7.1-common php7.1-mbstring php7.1-xml php7.2-common php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml php7.3-xsl php7.4-geoip php7.4-gnupg php7.4-lua php7.4-mailparse php7.4-memcached php7.4-msgpack php7.4-oauth php7.4-pinba php7.4-propro php7.4-radius php7.4-raphf php7.4-redis php7.4-rrd php7.4-ssh2 php7.4-stomp php7.4-tideways php7.4-uploadprogress php7.4-xsl php7.4-yac php7.4-yaml php7.4-zmq php8.0-mailparse php8.0-memcached php8.0-msgpack php8.1-mailparse php8.1-memcached php8.1-msgpack php8.1-oauth php8.1-raphf php8.1-redis php8.1-rrd php8.1-ssh2 php8.1-stomp php8.1-yac php8.1-yaml php8.1-zmq pinentry-curses pkg-config pkg-php-tools po-debconf poppler-data psmisc python-apt-common python3-blinker python3-configobj python3-idna python3-jinja2 python3-json-pointer python3-jsonpatch python3-jwt python3-oauthlib python3-prettytable python3-pyasn1 python3-software-properties readline-common rsync sed sensible-utils shared-mime-info shtool socat software-properties-common ssl-cert sysvinit-utils tasksel tasksel-data tzdata ucf ufw unzip whiptail xxd xz-utils zlib1g 357 upgraded, 24 newly installed, 0 to remove and 324 not upgraded. Need to get 149 MB of archives. After this operation, 490 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Tekan ‘q’ untuk keluar dan selanjutnya Anda mungkin melihat layar tambahan:
Kemudian:
Step 5. Upgrade Debian 9 ke Debian 11
Minimal upgrade kita perlukan sebelum melakukan full upgrade untuk menyelesaikan seluruh proses update Debian 9 ke Debian 11. Ini adalah bagian utama dari peningkatan. Dengan kata lain, jalankan perintah berikut untuk melakukan pemutakhiran lengkap sistem, menginstal versi terbaru yang tersedia dari semua paket, dan menyelesaikan semua kemungkinan ketergantungan:
sudo apt full-upgrade
Reboot sistem Linux untuk boot ke Debian Linux 11 Bullseye:
sudo reboot
Step 6. Verifikasi
Mengkonfirmasi peningkatan systen Debian 11 bullseye:
root@saksenengku:~# uname -r 5.10.0-18-amd64
root@saksenengku:~# lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) Release: 11 Codename: bullseye
Terakhir, bersihkan paket usang menggunakan perintah apt/apt-get:
root@saksenengku:~# apt --purge autoremove Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: bind9utils* bsdmainutils* g++-6* libbind9-140* libcroco3* libcupsfilters1* libcupsimage2* libdns162* libevent-2.0-5* libhunspell-1.4-0* libicu65* libio-stringy-perl* libirs141* libisc160* libisccc140* libisccfg140* libjemalloc1* libjson-c3* libllvm3.8* liblwres141* libmagickcore-6.q16-3* libmagickwand-6.q16-3* libonig4* libpgm-5.2-0* libpython2.7* libreadline5* libsodium18* libstdc++-6-dev* ncal* rename* 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 30 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation, 138 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Kesimpulan
Setelah berhasil mengupgrade ke Debian Linux 11 Bullseye. Update versi Debian 11 selalu menghadirkan fitur-fitur baru dan dukungan hardware melalui kernel Linux. Oleh karena itu, seseorang harus mengevaluasi kebutuhan dan kemudian melakukan peningkatan. Proyek Debian juga memposting panduan mendalam yang menjelaskan masalah lain yang mungkin dihadapi seseorang selama instalasi.